ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was conducted to develop liquid enhancer containing KCl, TU, GA, and SA for germination of drought-stressed Oryza sativa subsp. indica cv. MR284 seed. Study Design: All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Two steps were involved in the development process which are to select an ideal concentration for each KCl, TU, GA, and SA, and to find an ideal combination of chemicals from the selection of ideal concentrations acquired in step 1 to form liquid enhancer. There were 20 treatments for step 1 and 9 treatments for step 2. All of these treatments with 6 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, between June 2018 and December 2018. Methodology: The sterilized rice seed cv. MR284 was stressed in the -1.2 Mpa PEG 6000 solution for three days and germinated in the KCl, TU, GA, and SA solution in a series of concentration for 10 days, in a controlled room. Seed germination was observed daily. Results: In the first step, drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the 30 mM of KCl, 2.0 mM of TU, 0.24 mM GA, and 0.5 mM SA. Meanwhile, in the second step, the drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the combination of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.24 mM GA + 0.5 mM SA. The best germination performance was evaluated by the highest germination percentage (%), germination index, seed vigor, leaf length, root length and biomass. Conclusion: Therefore, the combination treatments of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.5 mM SA was found to be the most effective and simplest liquid enhancer formula that has an ability to enhance seed germination of drought-stressed rice cv. MR284 seed.
ABSTRACT
Polytraumatized patients are characterized by hypercatabolic states with great need for full nutrition for energy supply, host defence, and wound healing. This is a prospective randomized study including 30 seriously injured patients admitted to our hospitals between March 1996 and April 1998. We are comparing the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition [TPN] versus tube feeding jejunostomy. We started nutritional support immediately postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the two groups as regards age, sex, injury severity score [ISS], and mechanism of injury. Daily caloric intake, nitrogen intake, and nitrogen balance were statistically comparable in both groups. The results showed that pre-and post-nutrition weight, biochemical investigations and body parameters were comparable in both groups. Septic complications were lower in tube feeding jejunostomy patients, while abdominal complications were higher in them than TPN group. We suggest that early post-operative feeding jejunostomy is a reliable, safe, simple and cost effective method of nutrition for polytraumatized patients undergoing laparotomy
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Laparotomy , Enteral Nutrition , Parenteral Nutrition , Energy Intake , JejunostomyABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC] performed in 69 patients having gall bladder disease. Their results were compared with the data obtained from 53 open [classic] cholecystectomy LC patients included cases with chronic calcular cholecystitis, symptomatic cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis and common bile duct stones. The average operative time was significantly longer in operation. LC [P < 0.0001]. The procedure was successfuly completed in 66 of 69 patients. The remaining 3 cases were converted to open operations with conversion rate of 4.3%. The mean postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter for LC [P < 0.0001]. No deaths and no major complications were recorded in either type of cholecystectomies. Only minor complications were observed with lower rate for LC. These data have shown that LC could be considered as the best choice for treatment of gallstones since it is a safe, effective technique. Moreover, the patients benefit from a short hospital stay with lower hospital costs